About pulses used in MCUs [essential in control systems]
Hardware and Pulse Pulse type TTL Standard ■ TTL general 1 (High)/0 (Low) level VIH(min. voltage to be regarded as High)approx. 2.0V VIL(max. voltage to be regarded as Low)approx. 0.8V i.e., the logic is 1 (High) at 2.0V or higher and 0 (Low) at 0.8V or lower. CMOS Standard ■ CMOS general 1 (High)/0 (Low) level VIH(min. voltage as High)0.5-0.7 x […]
Basic hardware circuits around Microcontroller [Must-see for beginners]
Electric Circuits and Ohm's Law Voltage divider circuit Digital Basic Circuit Colum In an electric circuit, a load resistor R is required. In the above figure, if there is no load, a short circuit (short circuit) will occur the moment the switch is turned ON. The value of the load R is explained in "Input […]
Bits, bytes, words and digital logic [essential for Microcontroller]
In MCU programming, bit operations are often used in addition to the four arithmetic operations on data. The concepts of bits, bytes, and words are indispensable, especially when MCU skills improve and MCU registers are set directly. This chapter provides a basic explanation of digital logic, so please make sure you understand it well. Bits, […]
Number of bits and usage of Microcontroller
What are microcontroller bits? Use of microcontrollers by number of bits The point For those who aim to become embedded engineers not only as hobbyists but also as professionals, we recommend starting with 32-bit MCUs, which have full performance and functions.
Digital Details [Required for Microcontroller programming]
Digital Basics Sampling Taking values sporadically in the time direction is called sampling. Sampling is also called sampling period T when expressed in time, and sampling frequency f when expressed in frequency.The sampling period T is the reciprocal of the frequency T=1/f Quantization The division of the amplitude direction into several steps is called quantization, […]
What is analog handled by Microcontroller? What is digital? [Let's start here]
The first concepts to understand when dealing with MCUs are analog and digital. Many people may be surprised that they cannot explain what the difference is between analog and digital. This chapter explains both concepts in an easy-to-understand manner, which is very important when dealing with MCUs in Basics of Embedded Technology section. What is […]
C Language points in ARM Microcontrollers and Embedded programming
C language is easy!? Specifications in accordance with CMSIS interface standards The point Among variables, constants are declared as variables with the const modifier. In the case of built-in variables, they are placed in ROM and their values cannot be changed. Variables whose values do not need to be changed should be declared as constants […]
Basic knowledge around Microcontroller for Embedded engineers [must-see for beginners]
Hardware and Software around MCU What is the configuration of the MCU itself and what functions does it have? MCU (microcontroller) is a computer specialized for controlling electrical devices, and in addition to the CPU, which serves as the brain, it has built-in analog and digital signal input/output, timer/counter, and serial communication functions, allowing developers […]
What is Microcontroller(MCU) used in embedded systems?
To master embedded systems, it is important to acquire knowledge and experience in using the microcontrollers. This chapter describes the basic structure and applications of microcontrollers. Basic microcontroller configuration A microcontroller is also called a one-chip MCU because it contains a CPU, memory, input/output circuits, and peripheral functions in a single IC chip. Cell phones […]